September 21, 1998

你演奏时会用到你所有的手指吗？请注意，我说的不是你在琴颈上的那只手，我指的是你拨弦的那只。我知道你弹的不坏，你演奏的很流畅，可是当你看到video上那些大师们流利无比地演奏64分音符时，你可能就会开始嘀咕了：为什么他们可以如此轻易地达到？这些大师们达到这些的原因是运用了拨弦手的所有手指，而且显得很轻松。如果这些也是你所希望达到的目标的话，那么这篇文章就对你比较有用了。

让我们看看贝司的拨弦方式吧，第一种是象吉他演奏者那样运用拨片来弹。这种弹法虽然能创造出比较独特和硬朗的声音，但却是一种比较缓慢的演奏方法。如果你用pick并且速度不成问题的话，本文就不需要你留心了。然而，由于贝司这种乐器本身的性质所限，大多数演奏者不可能很好的发展拨片演奏技艺。为了达到快速演奏，拨片演奏者必须进行非常刻苦的训练。同时，对pick演奏来说，完成击弦和勾弦来说也是很困难的。不过，由于其独特的音响和增加音乐色彩的能力，拨片演奏的确是一种很好的备选手法。

第二种方法是“一指禅”。这恐怕是最糟糕的演奏方法了。这种方法很难使演奏速度增加，同时你的手指会很快疲劳，如果你采用这种奏法的话，恐怕得改一改了，请往下看：

第三种是所谓的行走贝司（Walking Bass）的奏法。此种方法运用食指和中指，弹起来感觉你的手指是“行走”在弦的中间。当某一指拨弦时，另一指准备完成下一个拨弦动作或者准备拨奏另一根弦。其中，预备触弦的手指位置称为“拨前位” pre-pick position，类似的，触弦动作完成后的位置称“拨后位”post-pick position.。这种拨弦方式的速度可以达到和pick等同，而且，由于大指得到了自由运用，勾击弦的奏法可以流畅地完成。该方式为大多数贝司演奏者所青睐，而且简单易学，容易上手，声音也不坏，和其它方式比较而言拥有很多优点。

最后一种方法是我所着力介绍的“全指法” full-hand。运用五指获得速度，增加音色的变化，延缓疲劳。不仅是Jazz和Funk，在各种音乐类型中你都可以运用这种方法。你可以运用它来弹奏领奏，你可以增加切分和表情，你可以运用它获得“无形的低音声部”the invisible bass part，之所以它是无形的是因为对一般的听众而言，这些细微的变化和技巧通常不被人所注意，但是，如果你去掉这个“无形的低音声部”的话，每个人都会注意到：）

本文不打算涉及过多内容，因此不介绍勾击弦奏法。实际上，我将论述集中在传统方式的贝司演奏手法上，和行走贝司非常类似。但我称它为“蜘蛛爬行” spider walking bass，因为这种奏法使你的演奏看上去好象某个正爬过屋顶的蜘蛛。“蜘蛛爬行”的基本动作是当某一指拨弦时其它三指分阶段轮换回到拨前位，拨弦手指在回到拨前位时，其它手指已完成了三次拨弦动作。这种拨弦方式也减少了每个手指的独立工作量。

因为“蜘蛛爬行”奏法是基于行走贝司奏法的，所以我建议你先学好行走贝司奏法，很多教材有这方面的内容，我就不再赘述了。

手指独立性是完成“蜘蛛爬行”奏法的关键之关键，由于乐器性质的原因，很多键盘乐器的演奏者这方面能力比较好，而贝司演奏者就不一定了。你可以多做一些手指独立性的练习：
1． 手掌平放在桌面上，独立抬起每一根单独的手指，尽量达到一英寸或更高，其它手指保持不动。
2． 同上，每次抬起两根，比如 1-3, 2-4, 1-4，交替抬起。如果你觉得很容易就加快速度做。
3． 见附图。
4． 上述练习如能轻易完成，请加快速度自己练习。

接下来，我们需要一些胶带，就是通常的胶带纸，除了堵住个别不听话并罗嗦个不停的学生的嘴的功能以外，我们需要用它来帮我们达到练习的效果。

见图

首先我们把2，3指并在一起，你可以通过把大指支于琴体上获得稳定的支撑效果，如果你要演奏勾击时，大指也可以离开琴体。

接下来可以是1，2指。

别沮丧，这样的练习可能需要一个月，当你掌握了这种两指的练习并达到一定程度的时候，你就可以试试三指的交替演奏了。弹三连音是一个非常好的办法，如果你还不知道三连音是什么的话，请去看乐理书吧，对一个乐队的贝司而言更应该掌握更多的乐理知识，很有用。

现在你可以让小指参与了，把2，3指如前法并在一起，用1指和4指进行同时演奏。这么做是比较困难的，但请坚持下去。

接下来你可以将12，34指分别并在一起练习，见图

好了，到现在你可能已经完成了近3个月的练习，现在去掉胶带试试4指在琴上的声音吧。注意这四根手指的音量是否均衡一致，如果某指较弱的话你就加强该指的独立性练习，一些辅助性的手指健力工具也可以选用。最终的目标是，在不看的情况下区分不出这四指声音的区别来，当你认为达到这一步时，请别人帮你听听是否如此。

最后，你需要根据手指的不同长度调整触弦时手的角度。向琴码处转动手腕约15度将会有利于小指和其它指在演奏G弦时的同时触弦。你可以采用E_G两弦的跨越练习：在E弦上弹一个音，比如E16th,然后在G弦上弹奏G16th,拨弦手指顺序如果正确的话（12341…..），每两小节中，每个手指都有两次触G弦。

如果你足够努力的话，你在6个月内可以比较全面地掌握这项技巧。很多人缺乏耐心，过早地放弃了。正如我说过的，别沮丧，别灰心，这项技巧很难，但最终你将获益匪浅。你的演奏将更流畅，更快速，更轻而易举。而且，在朋友面前也会让你出彩不少的。That’s Cool!

加油吧！
Cliff Sattle

Cliff Sattle就读于米歇根大学，学习音乐达20多年，精通吉他，键盘，贝司演奏，现为Middle Earth乐队成员。

（琴友Bassman翻译，2002年12月19日）
转自：风华艺校

If you want variety Telly, there can be no more irritating than locating a collection that's every little thing it must be wonderful, but somehow never becomes there a sequence that generates a great T+ show each and every time, and infrequently missteps egregiously sufficient to cause you to need to help out, but that neverthless stays desirable not developed.

I mean &/ (Saturdays, 9 EveningVersus8 fundamental), ABCs large-funds reprise of the identical-named, stringently-from-craving for food NBC show about mankind dealing with an invasion by critters that appear just like us however they are essentially malignant reptiles. Brought to life by Scott Peters through the initial miniseries-orgasm-collection by Kenneth Johnson, the ABC version needs to become a critical sci-fi enthusiasts reclamation of beloved youth garbage &Number8212 a repriseVersusdevelopment such as SyFys meandering, fitfully amazing &Battlestar Galactica, which turned a generally braindead missed-70s ripoff of &Alien into a deep breathing on battle, terrorism, trust, national relativism, and no matter whether so-named &man features are exclusive to adolescents. ABCs &/ flirts with people sorts of large problems &Number8212 notably from the views the place that the Website visitors chief, Ould - (Morena Baccarin) devices new occupation ways determined by her understanding of man therapy. Sadly, the collection never very succumbs on the appeal of pulp philosophizing &Number8212 maybe as it correctly fears that the process would push away casual audiences who would just like escapism.&Number160 It skates over the surface of its assumption, undertaking the sporadic shape-8 or back leap, but never splitting the ice cubes to discover what marvels may possibly lie in wait beneath.

The collection best notion is usually that the on the planet ? invasion were not able to just begin from practically nothing, with gigantic motherships completing the heavens on the mobile phone industry's capitals, but might need to be prepared for extended beforehand, with sleeper cells of undercover Website visitors an individual each layer of man society&Number160 &Number8212 a risky tactic with the assurance that a few of these sleeper brokers may possibly enjoy their new environment and initiate empathizing using the mankind these people were supposed to be undermining and oppressing. The exhibits most fascinating character is He Nichols (Morris Chestnutt), a Visitor who refused his or her own way of life, became a 5th writer, then grudgingly rejoined the Tourists in time of year two following birth of his 50 percent-Website visitor, 50 percent-man little princess. Where the initial &/ miniseries cared for the birth on the a mix of both youngster as occasion for &Decided on One cliches (and a far too-good way to give closing), to the new &/ this indicates an extension cord of the occupierVersusentertained energetic.

But this really is one more case the place that the show seems prepared to be only appealing, instead of definitely completed. Annas prefer to huge-impregnate man gals with Website visitor starting is the exhibits pulpiest, most disreputably commute-in trashy plot of land angle but, however it has Earth track record precedent. Lots of disappointment occupations have decided to breed the opposing forces into syndication, with no realizing it only definitely makes the romance among occupier and entertained much more matted and sentimentally fraught, and fundamentally provides a new, mixed thoroughly, 3rd way of life where there had been two different kinds just before. I&Number160loved the &crimson weather that fell into just like a weather of blood throughout the earth at the start of in 2010, boosting humanitys male fertility levels. But right here, as anywhere else, the show definitely seems to be thinking predominantly with regard to scene and plot of land, not portrayal &Number8212 as well as difference between great Telly and wonderful Telly is due to the ability to take into consideration plot of land with regard to therapy. To paraphrase, wonderful collection won't be predominantly by what occurs theyre regarding the influence the occasions placed on the figures.

Bear in mind, Ould - for me personally given He his a mix of both little one (just after murdering Ryans partner to the running dining room table as a result of deathly hypodermic injection), and she oversaw this landmark in Website visitor-man operations whilst counting down to her (practically) aborted prefer to send her knight kids to obliterate the opposition &Number8212 all of which implies that procreation have to have been a great deal on Annas brain when she succumbed to man despair, were impulsively, named down the Red Rainwater, and hang up that huge rape strategy into activity. But when a wonderful collection would structure anything that emerged after with regard to exactly what method for He and Ould - as Website visitors and mother and father (or hopeful-mother and father), &/&Number160seems considering the enhancements predominantly as tottenham for much more feline-and-computer mouse information &Number8212 which could be great should the show just didn't take per se as if that it was considering alot more that. I so want to learn more about Annas therapy. She's placed herself for an almost Vulcan-like character of detachment in addition to a conspiracy chiefVersusgoddess doling out bursts of artificial feeling (&Paradise) like psychic strong drugs. But with every completing 7 days she definitely seems to be operating much more from unchained feeling whilst hard doubt that is what she is carrying out. The show definitely seems to be prepared to permit her to become a glorified ice cubes goddess bad guy (also to difference her together with her warm-blooded mummy Diana &Number8212 Britta Badlers exact-named not-very-reprise of her memorably soapy villainess to the initial &/). But my discouragement that &/ will never visit is mitigated by my sensation it possibly won't be able to &Number8212 mainly because its while on an all-points-to-absolutely everyone transmit community, not the nichage-driven SyFy, and since its manufacturers and freelance writers won't be actually considering sampling far too sincerely into therapy mainly because theyre petrified of dropping the experience video audience (which, ratings-wise, is not going to manage to attentiveness regardless).

&/ is character-pushed only in the sense how the nike shox brown figures use a particular central reliability and therefore are played out by generally fantastic stars (Mitchell and Chestnutt are standouts). Beyond that, you infrequently have the sensation how the freelance writers are considering the figures from the inside-out, which can be what manufactured the SyFy &Battlestar Galactica clasping no matter if it bought missing in the philosophicalVersuspoliticsVersusorlando constructs and neglected to move situation down. (Different problems:&Number160like the substandard &BSG&Number160prequel &Caprica,&Number160V&Number160is generally humorless.)

And also the of &/ is the battle of wills among Annas inner circle as well as rebels encouraged by Federal bureau of investigation adviser-turned-opposition mma star Erica (At the Mitchell). The exhibits knowning that while in occupations, open public tendencies create down predictable collections (opposition reproduction crackdowns reproduction much more opposition) is advanced for professional Telly, with occasional (probably deliberate) echoes of &The Wretched of the world and &The Battle of Algiers. All over time of year just one, I held intending the collection would concentration much more provocatively to the energetic of invadersVersusoccupiers or. rebelsVersusterrorists &Number8212 not just as it connects into Americas ongoing unusual coverage misadventures, but mainly because its a fun cause of person theatre.

Closest &/ got a chance to any of i thought this was from the time of year just one finale, a plot of land-stuffed, generally interesting hr that however didn't go above conventional great guys-or.-criminals information. The decoration identified Erica recognizing a dinner invitation from Ould - so she could table the latest You are able to mothership and demolish a appropriate slot rich in knight offspring that have been resulting from hatch rapidly and build up intense soldiers that could exterminate a persons opposition. The 50 percent-prepared statigic planning of Ericas strategy pointed out one more failure of the show, its the inability to conceive an on the planet ? many with the exception of to be a a little altered version of whatever we certainly have on the globe right now. (The supper per se looked like a wedding celebration you can see in the ballrooms of 50 percent the chain accommodations in the us on a night time, when Erica let off herself to go wandering around away seeking the egg appropriate slot, lacking stability was evident. Shopping centers have stronger entry limitations than this on the planet ? mothership.) Even so the orgasm &Number8212 a 5th writer pleading Erica to throw him, to manufacture a scapegoat for any attack preventing her from being exposed to be a opposition mma star &Number8212 was inspired. And Annas counter-top-go (effectively hiding the duvet cover-up) and her particular respond to the egg appropriate slot attack (a gruesome, 100 %-throated scream that belied her allegedly emotionless outer) had been even more appealing.

Goodness me, but there can be that damned term all over again:&Number160Promising.&Number160You won't be able to just continue to keep appealing and appealing and appealing with no delivering. &/&Number160hasnt thought this out. Too much of it is like a level-T melodrama about solution brokers or undercover law enforcement dealing with a substance cartel. There are actually way too many candlight conferences in stores and also over-modified martial art tiffs in the kitchen and detergent firefox revelations that should empower the principle figures but that typically experience away-place. (One exception is the discovery that Ericas ex lover wasn't the dad of her son, Tyler that looked like out-of-nowhere fast very last time of year, but they consumed it anywhere you want this holiday season, making it into an additional example of the Website visitors grape planting seeds &Number8212 pun expected &Number8212 that have been that will bloom after.)

The collection it is really much more sci-fi-flavorful illusion-excursion than accurate sci-fi. That has to be great if this type of had been 1984, when NBC woven its wildly successful, decently entertaining &/ miniseries into a dumb, dodgy weekly collection that had the Website visitors running after mankind within the roads of New York in Jeeps. But it's not the middle of-early any more. And in case Telly remains to be, for the most part, a massive wilderness, a minimum of it has much more oases than before &Number8212 and a great number of options nirvana for sci-fi enthusiasts. Over the last twenty-five years, audiences can see &The Times-Data files, &Battlestar Galactica and &Dropped, to name just some popular, important demonstrates that had been considering greater problems than &How our characters escape this preserves?

&/ is not that on that level of cla, and i also&Number160doubt it ever will probably be. The show is not going to deficiency for graphic and thematic night, and has now taking place some unnerving pictures of dread and struggling, such as scene from the Jonathan Frakes-directed show &Sara May well the place that the harnessed 5th writer Georgie (Donald Richmond-Peck) was tortured another solution teeny mechanical insect introduced beneath his pores and skin. (It moved into as a result of his rip duct, and while Georgie writhed and screamed in pain, he was weeping a single rip of blood.)&Number160But for the most part &/ is like a slightly 100 %-of-per se coat on tropes which are performed anywhere else with increased thinking ability and fashion. I figure this out ABC&Number160series stream-lined storytelling and fully commited actions. And That I cherish its unexpected stylistic thrives, just like that chill-inducing time in time of year just one where by Ould - kneels nude in the beam of light anchemical distributes the feeling-replacement &Paradise&Number160throughout Website visitor society, the television display screen shining whilst Sigur Ros &Svefn-gary the gadget guy-englar takes on to the soundtrack. On The Other Hand never think this is one of people exhibits that is likely to be kept from termination by supporter commitment, or recalled to be a wonderful, underappreciated program that never bought the network support or significant interest it should have had. Its not wonderful, its just great &Number8212 plus contemporary Telly, scientific disciplines-fiction can be a variety where by great is not that good enough.